NURSING AS CARING
A Model for Transforming Practice
Bibliography
I. Nursing As Caring: A Model for Transforming Practice
a. English language: free download:
b. Japanese language: Amazon Japan
c. Portuguese language: coming in 2025
d. Spanish language: coming in 2025
II. Nursing As Caring: VIDEOS:
FITNE Series: Portraits in Excellence: Nurse Theorists: Savina Schoenhofer interviewed by Martha Alligood on the theory of Nursing As Caring: The Theory of Nursing As Caring /Nursology
Boykin and Schoenhofer on Nursing As Caring: Walden University Video
Nursing As Caring: Theory into Practice Walden University Program 6
Dr. Anne Boykin - Inteview by FAU Nursing Students
Savina Schoenhofer on Nursing As Caring, (U. Mississippi Med Center School of Nursing)
Nursing As Caring (UMMC) Part 1
Nursing As Caring (UMMC) Part 2
Nursing As Caring (UMMC) Part 3
Conversation: Anne Boykin, Savina Schoenhofer and Rudolf Martinez
III. Nursing As Caring: Primary Source Book Chapters
Wright, M. E., Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2025). Boykin and Schoenhofer's theory of nursing as caring. In M. C. Smith, ed., Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice (6th ed.), Ch. 12. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2015). Theory of Nursing As Caring. In M. E. Parker & M. C. Smith (Eds.), Nursing theories and nursing practice (4th ed.), Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.
Boykin, A., Schoenhofer, S., & Valentine, K. (2014). Health care system transformation for nursing and health care leaders: Implementing a culture of caring. New York: Springer Pub.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2010). Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer’s Nursing As Caring theory. In M. E. Parker & M. C. Smith (Eds.), Nursing theories and nursing practice (3rd ed., pp. 370-385). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Co.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2005). Nursing as caring: A model for transforming practice. [Japanese Language Translation by Toshiko Tada, Ph.D.]. Tokushima University Press. ISBN4-86186-218-3
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2001). Nursing as caring: A model for transforming practice. Sudbury, CT: Jones & Bartlett Publications.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2001). Nursing As Caring: A model for transforming practice, Chapters 1 and 2. Reprinted in M. C. Smith, M. C. Turkel & Z. R. Wolf, Caring in nursing classics: An essential resource. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S.O. (2000). Nursing as caring: An overview of a general theory of nursing. In M. E. Parker, Nursing theories and nursing practice. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Co., pp. 391-402.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. (1997). Reframing outcomes: Enhancing personhood. Advanced Practice Nursing Quarterly, 3(1), 60-65. Reprinted in W. K. Cody, Philosophical and theoretical perspectives for advanced nursing practice (5th ed.), 2013, Ch. 10. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (1993). Nursing as caring: A model for transforming practice. New York: NLN Publications.
Schoenhofer, S. O., & Boykin, A. (l993). Nursing As Caring: Issues for practice. In M. E. Parker (Ed), Patterns of nursing theories in practice. New York: National League for Publications, pp. 83-92.
Schoenhofer, S. O. (2001). A framework for caring in a technologically dependent nursing practice environment. In R.C. Locsin, Advancing technology, caring and nursing. Westport, CT: Auburn House, a Subsidiary of Greenwood Publishing, pp. 3-11.
Schoenhofer, S. O. (2001). Outcomes of nurse caring in high technology practice environments. In R.C. Locsin, Advancing technology, caring, and nursing. Westport, CT: Auburn House, a Subsidiary of Greenwood Publishing, pp. 79-87.
IV. Nursing As Caring: Chapters in Secondary Source Theory Collections
George, J. B. (2010, 2001, 1995). Nursing As Caring: Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer. In J. B. George,(Ed.), Nursing theories: The base for professional nursing practice (6th, 5th, 4th eds.).
Purnell, M. (2010; 2006). Anne Boykin & Savina O. Schoenhofer: Nursing As Caring: A model for transforming practice. In A. M. Tomey & M. R. Alligood (Eds.), Nursing theorists and their work (7th ed., pp. 393-415; 6th ed., pp. 405-427), St. Louis: Mosby.
V. Nursing As Caring: Use of the Theory
Abalos, E. E., Rivera, R. Y., Locsin, R. C., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2016). Husserlian phenomenology and Colaizzi’s method of data analysis: Exemplar in qualitative nursing inquiry using Nursing As Caring theory. International Journal for Human Caring, 20(1), 19-23.
Alforque, J. M. L., Meneses, R. C., Sorronda, M., & Locsin, R. C. (2020). Development of the theory of encountering nursing in a nurse-nursed dyadic relationship (ThEENDyR). Open Journal of Nursing, 10, 777-809. DOI: 10.4236/0jn.220.109056
Aqueveque, C. A. Z., & Aguilera, N. A. S. (2024). El significado del cuidado: reflexión de la práctica a través de una situación de enfermería. Avances en Enfermería, 42(1).
Boykin, A. (Ed.). (1994). Living a caring-based program. New York: National League for Nursing. (access link for free download at: http://fau.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fau%3A32042
Boykin, A. (1998). Nursing as caring through the reflective lens. In D. Freshwater & C. Johns (Eds.), Transforming Nursing Through Reflective Practice (pp. 43-50). London: Blackwell.
Boykin, A., & Dunphy, L. (2002). Reflective Essay. Justice-Making: Nursing's call. Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice, 3(1), 14-19.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (1997). Reframing nursing outcomes. Advanced Practice Nursing Quarterly, 1(3), 60-65.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2022). Storytelling: A Strategy for Caring Connection in Creative Nursing Leadership. Nurse Leader, 20(4), 349-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2022.01.009
Boykin, A., Schoenhofer, S O.., Hilton, N., Scott, A. J., & Smith, L. A. (2022). “They have our backs”: Nurse leaders and caring-based nursing theory in the time of COVID-19. Nurse Leader, 19, 179-183. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7444930/
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2000). Is there really time to care? Nursing Forum, 35(4), 36-38.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (1997). Reframing nursing outcomes. Advanced Practice Nursing Quarterly, 1(3), 60-65.
Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2001). The role of nursing leadership in creating caring environments in health care delivery systems. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 25(3), 1-7.c
Boykin, A., Bulfin, S., Baldwin, J., & Southern, B. (2004). Transforming care in the emergency department. Topics in Emergency Medicine, 26(4), 331-336.
Boykin, A., Parker, M., & Schoenhofer, S. (1994). Aesthetic knowing grounded in an explicit conception of nursing. Nursing Science Quarterly, 7(4), 158-161.
Boykin, A., Schoenhofer, S. O., Bulfin, S., Baldwin, J., & McCarthy, D. (2005). Living caring in practice: The transformative power of the theory of nursing as caring. International Journal for Human Caring, 9(3), 15-19.
Boykin, A., Schoenhofer, S. O., Smith, N., St. Jean, J., & Aleman, D. (2003). Transforming Caring. Holistic Nursing Practice, 16(4), 36-40.
Bulfin, S. (2005). Nursing as caring theory: Living caring in practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 18(4), 313-319.
Charbonneau-Dahlen, B. K. (2017). A traditional American Indian death ritual: Developing nursing knowledge through aesthetic exposure. Nurse Education in Practice, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2017.10.003
Dyess, S., & Boykin, A. ( 2013). Hearing the voice of nurses in caring theory-based practice: A process of practice environment transformation linked to caring theory. Nursing Science Quarterly, 26(2), 167-173.
Dyess, S., Boykin, A., & Rigg, C. (2010) Integrating caring theory with nursing education and practice: Connecting with what matters. Journal of Nursing Administration, 40(11), 498-503.
Kongsuwan, W. (2022). Aesthetic nursing theory, practice and research: Caring for persons at the end of life. Siam
Kongsuwan, W., Galvez, B., & Betriana, F. (2024). Aesthetics in nursing practice as experienced by children during hospitalization in the Philippines: A phenomenological study. Advances ni Nursing Science, 47(3), 248-262.
Kongsuwan, W., Keller, K., Touhy, T., & Schoenhofer, S. (2010). Thai Buddhist intensive care unit nurses' perspective of a peaceful death: An empirical study. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 16(5), 241-247.
Kongsuwan, W., Locsin, R. C., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2011). Knowing the occasion of peaceful death in intensive care units in Thailand. Nursing and Health Sciences, 13(1), 41-46.
Kongsuwan, W., Yasuhara, Y., Tanioka, T., Locsin, R., & Osaka, K. (2021). Aestetic expresson of caring in nursing among Japanese nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 105, 105031.
Locsin, R. C., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2024). Qualitative research methods, inductive and deductive: Valuable approaches to nursing knowledge development for practice. Nursing & Health Sciences, 26(2), e13128. nhs.13128.pdf
Locsin, R. C. (1995). Machine technologies and caring in nursing. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 27(3), 201-203.
Locsin, R. C. (1998). Technologic competence as caring in critical care nursing. Holistic Nursing Practice, 12(4), 50.
Locsin, R. C. (2005). Technological competency as caring in nursing: A model for practice. Indianapolis: Sigma Theta Tau International.
McCance, T. V., McKenna, H. P., & Boore, J. R. (1999). Caring: Theoretical perspectives of relevance to nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30(6), 1388-1395.
McCance, T. V., McKenna, H. P., & Boore, J. R. (1997). Caring: Dealing with a difficult concept. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 34(4), 241-248.
McCance, T., Slater, P., & McCormack, B. (2009). Using the caring dimensions inventory as an indicator of person‐centred nursing. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(3), 409-417.
McCormack, B. (2004). Person‐centredness in gerontological nursing: An overview of the literature. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13(s1), 31-38.
McCormack, B., & McCance, T. V. (2006). Development of a framework for person‐centred nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56(5), 472-479.
Millender, E., Valentine, K., Eggenberger, T., Lucier, C., Sandala, H., & Bruneau, D. (2020). Implementing interprofessional collaboration to improve patient outcomes: A caring and social approach to integrated nurse-led community based care. International Journal for Human Caring, 24(1), 39-49.
Mustard, L. W. (2002). Caring and competency. JONA's Healthcare Law, Ethics and Regulation, 4(2), 36-43.
Parker, M. E., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2007). Foundations for nursing education: Nursing as a discipline. In B. A. Moyer & R. Whittmann-Price (Eds)., Nursing education: \Foundations for practice and excellence (pp. 4-11), Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
Pross, E., Boykin, A., Hilton, N., & Gabuat, J. (2010). A study of knowing nurses as caring. Holistic Nursing Practice, 24, 142-147.
Pross, E., Hilton, N., & Boykin, A. (2011). The “Dance of Caring Persons”. Nursing Management, 42(10), 25-30.
Rosa, R. D. D. (2023). Development of the emergent theory in fostering caring and leadership resiliency in times of public health emergencies. Journal of Business Leadership and Management, 1(2), 96-103. https://doi.org/10.59762/jblm845920461220231206112755
Schoenhofer, S. O. (2002). Philosophical underpinnings of an emergent methodology for Nursing As Caring inquiry. Nursing Science Quarterly, 15(4), 275-81.
Schoenhofer, S. O. (2002). Choosing personhood: Intentionality and the theory of Nursing As Caring. Holistic Nursing Practice, 16(4), 36-40.
Schoenhofer, S., & Boykin, A. (1998). Discovering the value of nursing in high tech environments: Outcomes revisited. Holistic Nursing Practice, 12(4), 31-39.
Schoenhofer, S., & Boykin, A. (1998). The value of caring experienced in nursing. International Journal for Human Caring, 2(4), 9-15.
Schoenhofer, S., Bingham, V. & Hutchins, G. (1998). Giving of oneself on another’s behalf: The phenomenology of everyday caring. International Journal for Human Caring, 2(2),
23-29.
Schoenhofer, S. O., vanWynsberghe, A., & Boykin, A. (2019). Engaging robots as nursing partners in caring: Nursing As Caring meets Care-Centered Value-Sensitive Design. International Journal for Human Caring, 23(2), 157-167.
Shearer, J. E. (2015). Critique of Nursing as Caring Theory: Aesthetic knowing and caring in online learning. International Journal for Human Caring, 19(2), 45-49.
Takashima, Y., Ito, H., Soriano, G. P., Yasuhara, Y., Osaka, K., Schoenhofer, S., & Tanioka, T. (2025). Development of a novel instrument to measure Japanese psychiatric nurses’ technological competency as caring in nursing. Belitung Nursing Journal, 11(1), 14.
Thomas, J., Finch, L., Green, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2005). Nurse practitioner-patient caring. Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing, 4(4). http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/496420
Touhy, T. A. (2004). Dementia, personhood, and nursing: Learning from a nursing situation. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(1), 43-49.
Wallace, C. L., & Appleton, C. (1995). Nursing as the promotion of well‐being: The client's experience. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22(2), 285-289.
Ware, S. M., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2017). Perceptions of caring among baccalaureate nursing students during high-fidelity simulation. International Journal for Human Caring, 21(3), 1-14.
West, E., Gerwick, M., & Hockensmith, P. (2020). Nursing As Caring: The lived experiences of caregivers for their cognitively impaired loved ones. Int J Hum Car, 26(1), 1-15.
Wiese, L. A. K. , Luna, C., Cook, D. J., Minor, B. D. &
Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (06 Jan 2025): A multi-generational approach to introducing technologies for assessing and supporting cognitive health in a rural, underresourced setting, Educational Gerontology,
https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2025.2449985
Wiese, L. K., Williams, I. C., Holt, J. K., Williams, C. L., Lingler, J., Galvin, J. E., & Schoenberg, N. E. (2023). Testing the ‘Faith Moves Mountains model’ to increase Alzheimer’s disease awareness, detection, and diagnosis among rural, racially, and ethnically diverse older adults. Aging and Mental Health, 11, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2023.2294062
Wiese, L. A. K., Gibson, A., Guest, M. A., Nelson, A. R., Weaver, R., Gupta, A., ... & Babulal, G. M. (2023). Global rural health disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: State of the science. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2023:1-22. DOI: 10.1002/alz.13104
Wiese, L. K., Love, T., & Goodman, R. (2021). Responding to a simulated disaster in the virtual or live classroom: is there a difference in BSN student learning? Nurse education in practice, 55, 103170.
Wiese, L. K., & Williams, C. L. (2018). An Appalachian perspective of Alzheimer’s disease: A rural health nurse opportunity. Online journal of rural nursing and health care: the official journal of the Rural Nurse Organization, 18(1), 180.
Wolf, Z. R., Wright, M. E., Grobbel, C. C., & Hilton, N. (2024). Critical Incidents of Nimble, Caring Leaders: A Descriptive Qualitative Study. International Journal for Human Caring, 28(2).
Wright, M. E. (2022). Experiencing moral injury and continuing to live caring within a personal sphere of influence. Kontakt, 24(3), 183.
Wright, M. E., Temples, H. S., Shores, E., Chafe, O., Lannamann, R., & Lautenschlager, C. (2021). Pregnant and parenting women's experiences with substance use disorder. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 46(5), 271-276.
Wright, M. E. (2015). Sources of infant care informational social support for mothers of infants in the Appalachian region. Florida Atlantic University.
Wright, M. E. (2023). Reflection on Caring, Truth, Bias, Evidence, and Media Literacy During Current Events: An Invited Editorial for the International Journal for Human Caring. International Journal for Human Caring, 27(1), 1-2.
: Use of the Theory